The Comprehensive Guide to Establishing and Investing in Companies in Syria

Introduction

Syria is considered one of the region's promising markets, offering numerous investment opportunities across the trade, industry, services, technology, and real estate sectors. With the onset of economic recovery and a growing need for new projects and investments, establishing a company in Syria has become a strategic choice for many local and foreign investors seeking to enter the Syrian market.
However, the success of any investment project begins with understanding legal procedures, commercial regulations, and selecting the appropriate legal structure for the company, as well as being aware of the costs and requirements for obtaining licenses and conducting business legally.
In this comprehensive guide, we will outline everything an investor needs to know about establishing a company in Syria—ranging from company types to legal procedures, required documentation, and anticipated costs.

Why Invest in Syria?

Following the fall of the previous regime in December 2024, international sanctions were lifted, and new legislation was introduced—such as Decree No. 114 (issued in July 2025), which amended Syrian Investment Law No. 18 of 2021. This law aims to boost investor confidence and offers significant advantages, including allowing foreign investors to maintain 100% ownership of projects without the need for a local partner in most sectors. It also grants tax exemptions of up to 80% for export-oriented industries and 100% for the agricultural sector, provides legal protection against the precautionary seizure of projects, and guarantees the freedom to repatriate profits and capital abroad through Syrian banks. Strategic Geographic LocationSyria is situated at the heart of the Middle East, serving as a connecting point between Arab, Asian, and European markets.

Diverse Investment Opportunities

The Syrian market offers investment opportunities across various sectors, such as:- Trade, import, and export- Logistics and shipping- Industry and manufacturing- Technology and digital transformation- Agriculture and food processing- Real estate and urban development

Steps to Establish a Company in Syria

The company formation process involves several key stages, including:1. Defining the Business ActivityThe company’s specific field of operation must be clearly defined—whether commercial, industrial, service-oriented, or technical.2. Selecting the Legal Form of the CompanyChoosing the company type is a crucial legal decision that impacts partner liabilities, management structure, taxation, and capital requirements.

To learn more about the differences between company types, read:

Required documents for registering a new company

3. Choosing a company name

You must select a trade name that complies with applicable laws and regulations and is not already in use by another company.

4. Drafting the Articles of Association

The Articles of Association include information regarding the partners, capital, company activities, and mechanisms for management and decision-making.

5. Registering the company with competent authorities

Registration procedures involve obtaining legal approvals and entering the company into official records.

6. Obtaining necessary licenses

Certain economic activities may require additional licenses depending on the nature of the business.

7. Opening financial and tax records

Once registration is complete, the necessary financial and tax procedures are finalized to commence operations.

Types of companies in Syria

Syrian law allows for several legal forms of companies, varying based on the number of partners, investment size, and the nature of the activity.

The most common types include:

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

This is the most popular choice for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as the partners' liability is limited to the value of their shares.

Joint-Stock Company

Suitable for large-scale projects and investments requiring substantial capital and a larger number of investors.

General Partnership

Based on mutual trust among partners, with joint and several liability.

For more details, read:

Types of companies in Syria (Limited Liability – Joint-Stock – General Partnership)

Can foreigners establish a company in Syria?

Yes, foreign investors can establish companies in Syria in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, subject to specific conditions governing certain investment sectors.

Benefits include:

• The ability to own stakes or shares in companies. 

• Capitalizing on available investment opportunities.

• Forming partnerships with local investors.

• Establishing production, service, or commercial ventures.

It is always advisable to seek specialized legal counsel to ensure that incorporation procedures comply with applicable laws.

Why is Ethmaar your strategic partner?

The Ethmaar team possesses the expertise to translate these new regulations into practical steps. We offer remote company incorporation services, handle interactions with official authorities on your behalf, provide ongoing financial and legal advice, and secure the best solutions for you to enter the Syrian market with confidence and security.

Costs of establishing a company in Syria

Incorporation costs vary depending on:

• Company type.

• Capital.

• Nature of business activity.

• Government fees.

• Legal and consultancy service fees.

For a detailed breakdown of fees and costs, read:

Company Incorporation Costs and Fees in Syria

Challenges Facing New Investors

Key challenges include:

• Understanding legal and regulatory procedures.

• Selecting the appropriate legal structure.

• Properly preparing documentation.

• Obtaining necessary approvals and licenses.

• Complying with tax and financial regulations.

Consequently, many investors turn to specialized firms offering company formation and investment consultancy services to save time and effort while minimizing procedural errors.

How Can Ethmaar Assist You in Establishing Your Company?

Ethmaar provides comprehensive services for investors and entrepreneurs looking to establish companies in Syria, including:

• Analyzing the suitable business activity.

• Selecting the optimal legal structure.

• Drafting incorporation contracts.

• Preparing required documentation.

• Managing registration and licensing procedures.

• Providing investment and legal consultancy.

• Supporting both local and foreign investors.

Our goal is to streamline the business setup process and transform investment ideas into projects built on a solid legal foundation.

Conclusion

Establishing a company in Syria is a significant step toward entering a market rich in diverse investment opportunities and substantial growth potential. With sound planning, an understanding of legal requirements, and the right consultancy partner, investors can launch their projects with confidence and pursue their investment objectives.

If you are considering establishing a company or investing in Syria, the Ethmaar team is ready to assist you at every stage of the process. Click here for a free consultation.